假环柄菇Pseudolepiota zangmui

描述1 描述来源：中国真菌志 第52卷 环柄菇卷（蘑菇科）
类型：完整全面的描述（摘录自专著、论文等）
描述原文：
假环柄菇 图111
Pseudolepiota zangmui Z.W. Ge, Phytotaxa 312: 252,2017.
担子果小型。菌盖直径2.3~4.5cm，初期近半球形，成熟后呈扁半球形至平展，表面密被淡红色、褐色、浅褐色、浅灰褐色、橘褐色至暗褐色的糠麸状鳞片，菌盖边家偶具菌幕残余;菌肉白色至污白色;菌褶离生，白色至奶油色，伤不变色或变为灰色密集，通常宽度不超过0.4cm。菌柄长3~4.5cm，直径0.3~0.6cm，近圆柱形，无菌环但具一环区，环区以上菌柄近光滑，白色，环区以下菌柄表面被有淡红色、浅褐色至褐色丛毛状鳞片;菌柄菌肉污白色;菌柄基部不膨大或稍膨大，偶有白色菌索。菌肉白色，气味淡，受伤后变为灰色或不变色。担子果各部位干后皆变为灰色。孢子印白色。
担子18~22x5.5~6.5μm，棒状，具4孢梗。担孢子(4)4.5~5(5.5)x3.0~3.5μm10=(1.29)1.43~1.67，Q-1.49+01]，椭圆形，壁薄，无色，光滑，类糊精质，孢壁内层遇甲酚蓝变红色，无芽孔;小尖细小。褶缘囊状体棒状，少数呈宽棒状或窄棒状，无色，(13)18~36x(5)8~13μm;侧生囊状体阙如。盖表鳞片由近平伏的菌丝组成，菌丝略膨大，直径(3)4~6(8)μm，末端菌丝通常膨大为窄棒状，壁浅黄褐色、稍厚，具浅褐色胞内色素。菌丝无锁状联合。
生境:生于以壳斗科植物为主的林中地上。世界分布:亚洲(中国)。模式产地:中国。
研究标本:云南:景洪,大渡岗,海拔1350m,2008年6月29日,葛再伟2106(HKAS54316，主模式);同地，2008年6月29日，葛再伟2107(HKAS54317，副模式);同地，2008年7月3日，葛再伟2175(HKAS54385，副模式);同地，2014年6月30日，葛再伟3537(HKAS 84375，副模式);澜沧，惠民，海拔1350m，2016年8月 23 日，郝艳佳 Lancang-Hao100(HKAS 96935)。
讨论:假环柄菇P.zangmui的主要特点是担子果小，菌褶新鲜时白色但干后变为灰色，菌柄表面被有丛毛状鳞片，菌肉新鲜时白色，受伤后变为灰色或不变色，担孢子内壁遇甲酚蓝变红，褶缘囊状体棒状，菌盖表面鳞片由近平伏的略膨大的菌丝组成，菌丝横隔上无锁状联合。
在环柄菇属中，环柄菇 L.clypeolaria 及其近缘种也具有被丛毛状鳞片的菌柄、白色的菌褶和无色的担孢子(Candusso &Lanzoni,1990;Singer,1986; Vellinga,2004a)。但是，环柄菇及其近缘种的担子果干后不会变为灰色，其盖表鳞片由呈毛状排列的菌丝组成，菌丝横隔上有锁状联合，担孢子呈纺锤形或杏仁形。
假环柄菇与台湾层蘑菇具有较近的亲缘关系,但是假环柄菇的菌柄表面被有丛毛状鳞片，菌褶白色，担孢子无色，菌盖表面鳞片由近平伏的略膨大的菌丝组成，而台湾层蘑菇的菌柄表面不形成明显的鳞片，菌褶呈褐色至烟褐色，担孢子浅褐黄色，菌盖表面鳞片由拟薄壁组织状的膨大细胞组成(Ge&Yang,2017)。

描述2 描述来源：Pseudolepiota zangmui gen. et sp. nov. (Agaricaceae, Basidiomycota), a new white-spored mushroom from China
类型：原白（原始描述）
描述原文：
Pseudolepiota zangmui Z.W. Ge 2017
Etymology: This new species is named in honor of the late Prof. Mu Zang, for his great contribution to the knowledge of the larger fungi of China
Basidiomata small sized. Pileus 23–45 mm broad, hemispherical to convex at first, expanding to broadly convex to applanate with age, sometimes with appendiculate margin; surface covered with furfuraceous squamules of various brown: from pale red (7A3), brown (6E4), light brown (7D4-7D5), greyish brown (7D3-7E3, 8E3), reddish grey (7B2-8B2), brownish orange (7C3-7C4), dull red (8C3), reddish brown (8E4-8E5) to dark brown (6F5-6F6); furfuraceous squamules cover nearly all pileal surface at first, and remain intact at disc with development but elsewhere diffract with expansion and receding from pileus margin, exposing the whitish pileus context beneath. Lamellae free and remote from stipe with obvious gutter, white to off white, crowded, narrow, ≤4 mm wide, with 1-3 series of lamellulae; edge entire, white, not changing color or sometimes becoming grey (24E1) on bruising, becoming grey when dried. Stipe 30–45 × 3–6 mm, subcylindric, straight or curved, white, firm throughout development; surface below the annulus covered by easily detached band-like whitish, floccose squamules with pale red (7A3) to light brown (7D4-7D5) edges; surface above the annulus glabrous, white; stipe base occasionally with rhizomorphs . Context thick in pileus, white in pileus and stipe, not discoloring when bruised, with unpleasant odor. Taste mild. Spore print white.
Basidiospores [120,6,4] (4.0)4.5–5.0(5.5) × 3–3.5 μm (mean 4.78 ± 0.32 × 3.22 ± 0.25 μm), Q = (1.29)1.43–1.67, Qav = 1.49 ± 0.1, ellipsoid, oblong in side view or in frontal view, apex rounded, smooth, hyaline to greenish white (27A2), congophilous, dextrinoid, usually with one guttule, without germ pore, slightly thick walled, becoming greyish magenta (14D4-14E4) to purplish red (14A6-14A7) in Cresyl blue. Basidia 18–22 × 5.5–6.5 µm, clavate, hyaline, four-spored. Cheilocystidia (13)18–36 × (5.0)8.0–12.5(13.0) µm, clavate, rarely broadly clavate to narrowly clavate, hyaline. Pleurocystidia not observed. Lamella trama regular to slightly interwoven, made up of subcylindrical hyaline hyphae, 7–10 μm diam. Pileal surface a subcutis layer made up of slightly interwoven cylindrical hyphae, (3)4– 6(8) µm in diam., thick walled, with brownish vacuolar pigments (occasionally interspersed with brown ones), wall brownish yellow; terminal elements mostly narrowly clavate. Stipe surface made up of regular to slightly interwoven, subcylindrical hyaline hyphae, (2.5)3.5–6(8) μm diam. Clamp connections absent.
Habitat and distribution: Saprotrophic, solitary to scattered, occasionally in clusters, terrestrial in Fagaceae forest. So far this is only known from Yunnan Province in southwestern China.
Index Fungorum number: IF820482

描述3 描述来源：Description of Lepiotaceous Fungal Species of the Genera Chlorophyllum, Clarkeinda, Macrolepiota, Pseudolepiota, and Xanthagaricus, from Laos and Thailand
类型：完整全面的描述（摘录自专著、论文等）
描述原文：
Pseudolepiota zangmui Z.W. Ge in Ge and Yang, Phytotaxa 312: 252 (2017).
Index Fungorum number: IF 820482; Facesoffungi number: FoF 07068; Figures 23 and 24.
Pileus 20–50 mm, at first hemispherical, campanulate, expanding to convex, umbo-nate or often plano-convex with an umbo and inflexed margin; surface covering violet-brown (10F5˗8, 11F˗8), darker at umbo or center, dark ruby to dark (12F4–8), smooth or rough, later splitting off and becoming irregularly concolorous squamulose, with larger scales around the umbo and with smaller squamules toward the margin, with dull red (9B3–4) fibrillose or fibrillose squamules at the marginal zone on a white to orange-white (6A2) background; squamules are fragile when mature; margin appendiculate, with white to dull red (9B3–4) fibrillose remnants. Lamellae free, at first white, turning yellowish-white when mature and greyish-orange (5B3–4) when dried, 3.5–5 mm wide, crowded, with 4–5 lamellulae in between lamellae, slightly fragile with age, with an eroded edge. Stipe 25–40 × 5–8 mm, equal, slightly wider at base zone, completely covered by white to yellowish-white fibrils, sometimes with white remnants at the annular zone. Annulus a white annular zone. Context white in pileus, up to 4 mm wide, white in the stipe, changing to reddish with age, hollow. Spore print whitish. Taste and smell not observed.
Basidiospores [2,2,50] 4.8–5.2 × 3.5–4.5 µm, avl × avw = 5.0 × 4.0 µm, Q = 1.15–1.37, Qav = 1.25, in side-view broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid-ovoid, in frontal view broadly ellip-soid to ellipsoid, hyaline to pale-yellow in water and KOH, slightly thick-walled without a germ pore, dextrinoid, congophilous, cyanophilous, not metachromatic. Basidia 15–18 × 4.8–5.0 µm, clavate, 4-spored, some 2-spored. Lamella edge sterile. Cheilocystidia 15–24 × 6–10 µm, most clavate, some with a long stalk, rarely utriform and sphaeropedunculate, thin-walled, hyaline. Pleurocystidia absent. Pileus covering hymenoderm made up of 3–4 layers of elements, oblong to cylindrical in the lower layer, mostly with clavate, rarely subclavate, elements in the upper layer, 12–30 × 5.0–10 µm, thick-walled, smooth and with hyaline to pale-yellow parietal pigments, with brown intracellular pigments and en-crusted walls in some lower elements. Clamp connections absent.
Habitat and distribution: in small to large groups, saprotrophic and terrestrial in de-ciduous forests dominated by Lithocarpus spp. and Castanopsis spp. at 650–950 m alt. Found in China and Thailand.
Material examined: THAILAND, Chiang Rai Province, Muang District, Forest of Hua Doi Village, 23 September 2009, P. Sysouphanthong, PHO25 (MFLU 10-0515); ibidem, 25 September 2009, P. Sysouphanthong, PHO28 (MFLU 10-0518); Chiang Rai Province, Muang District, Mae Fah Luang University Campus, 13 August 2019, P. Sysouphanthong, PS2019-74 (MFLU 19-2360). Chiang Mai Province, Mae Taeng District, Pha Deng Village, alt. 900–950 m, 7 August 2018, P. Sysouphanthong, PS2018-84 (MFLU 19-2355).
Notes: Pseudolepiota zangmui is characterized by squat basidiomata in which the pi-leus diameter is equal or slightly longer than the stipe length; the pileus is covered in violet-brown to dark ruby squamules with dull red fibrils between squamules, and it has a white appendiculate margin; the basidiospores are pale-yellow, and oblong-ovoid in side-view, the cheilocystidia are clavate, and the pileus covering is hymenidermal.
The type of Pseudolepiota zangmui was described from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Prov-ince, Southwest Yunnan, China [59]; it closely resembles Xanthagaricus species but differs in the white to pale-cream spore print and the squat basidiomata. Based on phylogenetic analyses of combined ITS and LSU data with a wide sampling of Xanthagaricus species, it is closely related and basal to Xanthagaricus with good support (Figure 1). However, in a phylogenetic analysis including protein-coding genes [32], Pseudolepiota is clearly sepa-rated from Xanthagaricus.